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For research published in 2022 study in the journal Food and Chemical Toxicology, scientists examined “the genotoxicity and the intracellular reactive oxygen species induction by physiologically relevant concentrations of three different TiO2 nanomaterials in Caco-2 and HT29-MTX-E12 intestinal cells, while considering the potential influence of the digestion process in the NMs’ physiochemical characteristics.” They found a “DNA-damaging effect dependent on the nanomaterial,” along with the micronucleus assay suggesting “effects on chromosomal integrity, an indicator of cancer risk, in the HT29-MTX-E12 cells, for all the tested TiO2 nanomaterials.” Researchers concluded that the results showcase “evidence of concern” regarding titanium dioxide used as a food additive.

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The Chinese titanium dioxide industry has undergone rapid growth over the past few decades, driven by the country's economic boom and the increasing demand from domestic sectors such as construction and automotive. The Chinese government's supportive policies, including tax incentives and subsidies, have also fueled this expansion. Moreover, Chinese manufacturers have been able to offer competitive prices, making their products attractive in the global market Moreover, Chinese manufacturers have been able to offer competitive prices, making their products attractive in the global market Moreover, Chinese manufacturers have been able to offer competitive prices, making their products attractive in the global market Moreover, Chinese manufacturers have been able to offer competitive prices, making their products attractive in the global marketchina titanium dioxide chemical formula.

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