china lithopone red pigments quotes

In conclusion, TiO2 is a valuable and essential component in the paper industry. Paper suppliers rely on TiO2 to improve the brightness, opacity, color, and durability of their products, ensuring that they meet the highest standards of quality and performance. With its excellent light-scattering properties, high refractive index, UV-blocking abilities, and environmentally friendly characteristics, TiO2 is a versatile pigment that is driving innovation and excellence in the paper manufacturing process. As the demand for high-quality paper products continues to grow, TiO2 will remain a key ingredient in the success of paper suppliers worldwide.

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Lithopone’s historical significance is further accentuated by the advancements and modifications that followed its inception. The 1874 patent by J.B. Orr, for instance, ushered in a new white pigment—Orr’s Zinc White. This innovation was attained by co-precipitating zinc sulfate and barium sulfide, followed by a calcination process. Further refinements marked the subsequent decades, the most notable being the enhancement of lightfastness achieved in the 1920s by introducing small amounts of cobalt salts before calcination.

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The author thanks Marco Leona, Scientist-in-Charge of the Department of Scientific Research at the Metropolitan Museum of Art for conducting fluorescence spectrometry on Wheel of Fortune and a valuable discussion of the research, as well as Silvia Centeno, Research Scientist at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, who performed Raman analysis on the watercolors and also contributed her insight. The phenomenon of the phosphorescing lithopone was originally discovered during the author's fellowship in the Sherman Fairchild Center for the Conservation of Works on Paper, funded by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. The author thanks all her colleagues for their ideas and support during the research of this paper, and special thanks to Rachel Mustalish for her assistance in editing this work.

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