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As they mimic the synapses in biological neurons, memristors became the key component for designing novel types of computing and information systems based on artificial neural networks, the so-called neuromorphic electronics (Zidan, 2018Wang and Zhuge, 2019Zhang et al., 2019b). Electronic artificial neurons with synaptic memristors are capable of emulating the associative memory, an important function of the brain (Pershin and Di Ventra, 2010). In addition, the technological simplicity of thin-film memristors based on transition metal oxides such as TiO2 allows their integration into electronic circuits with extremely high packing density. Memristor crossbars are technologically compatible with traditional integrated circuits, whose integration can be implemented within the complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor platform using nanoimprint lithography (Xia et al., 2009). Nowadays, the size of a Pt-TiOx-HfO2-Pt memristor crossbar can be as small as 2 nm (Pi et al., 2019). Thus, the inherent properties of memristors such as non-volatile resistive memory and synaptic plasticity, along with feasibly high integration density, are at the forefront of the new-type hardware performance of cognitive tasks, such as image recognition (Yao et al., 2017). The current state of the art, prospects, and challenges in the new brain-inspired computing concepts with memristive implementation have been comprehensively reviewed in topical papers (Jeong et al., 2016Xia and Yang, 2019Zhang et al., 2020). These reviews postulate that the newly emerging computing paradigm is still in its infancy, while the rapid development and current challenges in this field are related to the technological and materials aspects. The major concerns are the lack of understanding of the microscopic picture and the mechanisms of switching, as well as the unproven reliability of memristor materials. The choice of memristive materials as well as the methods of synthesis and fabrication affect the properties of memristive devices, including the amplitude of resistive switching, endurance, stochasticity, and data retention time.

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  • Moreover, the visibility of designer dustbins in public spaces reflects societal shifts towards a more aesthetically pleasing environment. Parks, commercial areas, and urban streets are increasingly adorned with stylish waste bins that complement the surroundings rather than detract from them. This integration not only raises awareness about proper waste disposal but also enhances the overall ambiance of public areas, encouraging more responsible behavior among citizens.


  • Moreover, the bollard line serves as a model for adaptability in urban environments. As cities evolve, the needs of their populations change, necessitating an agile response from city planners. The flexibility of bollard lines allows for their reconfiguration in response to new traffic patterns, emerging technologies, or changing societal needs. For example, with the rise of shared mobility solutions, such as bikes and scooters, urban planners can modify bollard lines to accommodate these new forms of transport.


  • Lastly, the investment in tree grate frames reflects a community’s commitment to environmental stewardship and sustainability. As cities increasingly confront the challenges of climate change, urban heat, and air quality degradation, integrating green infrastructure solutions becomes imperative. Tree grate frames are a small but significant piece of that puzzle, enabling communities to create greener, more livable urban environments.


  • In the hustle and bustle of urban life, waste management often takes a back seat in discussions surrounding sustainability. Yet, a simple yet poignant story emerges from the concept of two dustbins that can mirror the larger battle against pollution and environmental degradation. These two dustbins, placed strategically in a busy city park, symbolize the choices we face every day when it comes to waste disposal and our individual impact on the planet.


  • In urban environments, tree grates serve a vital role in protecting trees while also enhancing the overall landscape. However, their design must comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) to ensure accessibility for all individuals, particularly those with mobility challenges. ADA compliant tree grates are crucial features that not only provide an aesthetically pleasing setting for urban trees but also accommodate the needs of pedestrians, including wheelchair users and those with limited mobility.


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  • The 150mm size designation refers to the width of the openings in the grid, which is designed to balance the need for adequate drainage with the prevention of debris entry. This size is particularly effective in urban environments where managing stormwater adds a layer of complexity to city planning and maintenance.


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