One of the key challenges facing TiO2 industry suppliers is the fluctuation of raw material prices. The production of TiO2 requires raw materials such as ilmenite or rutile, which are subject to market price volatility. Suppliers must carefully monitor these fluctuations and adjust their production processes accordingly to ensure profitability.

A review published in 2022 in the journal NanoImpact evaluated the latest research related to genotoxic effects of titanium dioxide through in vivo studies and in vitro cell tests. Researchers summarized the results by stating TiO2 nanoparticles “could induce genotoxicity prior to cytotoxicity,” and “are likely to be genotoxic to humans.”