Polyvinyl butyral (PVB) is dissolved into 12 ~ 14% solution with ethanol and made into film. It is used for printing paper film of ceramic (or enamel) products. The fired ceramic (or enamel) patterns have bright color and smooth texture. The flower paper is characterized by convenient use, low cost, smaller than the original glue, greatly reducing the decal process and high color burning rate. At present, most porcelain factories in China have formed relatively formal production lines for standardized production. Therefore, the demand for PVB in the ceramic (or enamel) flower paper industry is increasing.

Application field of polyvinyl butyral -- electronic adhesive

Polyvinyl butyral contains hydroxyl, vinyl acetate and butyraldehyde, which has high bonding properties. Phenolic Resin was added into PVB ethanol solution to make adhesive, which can be used for a long time at 120 ℃. The product has strong adhesion to metal, wood, leather, glass, fiber and ceramics; FRP can be manufactured to replace non-ferrous metals such as steel, aluminum and copper; The adhesive made by adding this product and curing agent into epoxy resin is often used for bonding and assembly of electronic instrument components, bonding between metal and porous materials, emergency repair, etc. it can also be used in the field of electronic ceramics. In the development of ceramic integrated electronic circuits, this product with medium viscosity and low hydroxyl is used as ceramic powder adhesive to increase the primary strength of ceramics.

Application field of polyvinyl butyral -- copper foil adhesive

Polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and phenolic resin cooperate to produce copper foil adhesive, which is used in the production of copper clad laminate. It has good peel strength and tin welding temperature resistance, and is widely used in various fields.

Application field of polyvinyl butyral - self adhesive enamelled wire paint

Polyvinyl butyral is the main raw material of self-adhesive enamelled wire paint. After the enameled wire is wound and formed in the electrodes of motors, electrical appliances and instruments, as long as it is heated for several minutes at a certain temperature or treated with appropriate solvent, the coils can be bonded together by themselves without impregnation and drying.

Apart from proximately neuromorphic technologies, TiO₂-based memristors have also found application in various sensors. The principle of memristive sensorics is based on the dependency of the resistive switching on various external stimuli. This includes recording of mechanical energy (Vilmi et al., 2016), hydrogen detection (Hossein-Babaei and Rahbarpour, 2011; Strungaru et al., 2015; Haidry et al., 2017; Vidiš et al., 2019), γ-ray sensing (Abunahla et al., 2016), and various fluidic-based sensors, such as sensors for pH (Hadis et al., 2015a) and glucose concentration (Hadis et al., 2015b). In addition, TiO₂ thin films may generate photoinduced electron–hole pairs, which give rise to UV radiation sensors (Hossein-Babaei et al., 2012). Recently, the biosensing properties of TiO₂-based memristors have been demonstrated in the detection of the bovine serum albumin protein molecule (Sahu and Jammalamadaka, 2019). Furthermore, this work has also demonstrated that the introduction of an additional graphene oxide layer may effectively prevent the growth of multidimensional and random conductive paths, resulting in a lower switching voltage, better endurance, and a higher resistance switching ratio. This opens up a new horizon for further functional convergence of metal oxides and two-dimensional memristive materials and interfaces (Zhang et al., 2019a).