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The toxicity of P25TiO2NPs was evaluated in both prokaryotic (Fig. 3) and eukaryotic cells (Fig. 4). The XTT assay was chosen to measure the cell viability in bacterial cultures of MSSA, a normal skin microbiota microorganism. The reduction in the viability of samples with bare NPs is notorious, possibly due to the described ROS production from the interaction of P25TiO2NPs with light [37]. This effect seems to be avoided when they are functionalized with vitamin B2. Also, the most concentrated vitaminB2@P25TiO2NPs sample (0.2 mg/mL) shows up to 60% more absorbance after 6 h compared to the bare NPs (due to normal cell replication). This may indicate that the antioxidant effect of the vitamin B2 coating is greater than the oxidation damage produced by the NPs. This protective capacity could be attributed to the glutathione redox cycle and the conversion of reduced riboflavin to its oxidized form [38]. Values of cell viability greater than 100% are not rare and could be understood because the XTT assay actually measure metabolic activity when reducing the tetrazole to formazan. It is usually assumed that conversion is dependent on the number of viable cells, but it could also be related to an expected increased enzymatic activity when cells are exposed to small doses of some new substance. Further analysis showed that this effect was not the only one responsible for better cell viability of vitaminB@P25TiO2NPs treated samples.

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Anatase Titanium Dioxide, a form of titanium dioxide (TiO2), is a highly valued substance due to its exceptional optical properties, high refractive index, and strong UV resistance. It is widely employed as a food additive, approved by international regulatory bodies for its safety and efficacy. This article delves into the significance of anatase TiO2 in the food industry and introduces some prominent food grade anatase titanium dioxide suppliers.

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The world of chemistry and materials science is a fascinating realm where innovation meets practicality. One such material that stands out for its versatility and widespread applications is titanium dioxide, commonly known as TiO2. This white pigment has been an industrial workhorse due to its exceptional properties such as high refractive index, UV protection, and excellent stability. However, the journey of a titanium dioxide manufacturer is not without challenges, especially in the pursuit of sustainable practices.

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