china iron oxide pigment quotes

TiO2 NPs appeared to be more toxic to nematode Caenorhabditis elegans than submicron-sized TiO2.  At a concentration of 1 mg/l, 7 nm particles affected its fertility and survival rate and were more toxic than 20 nm anatase particles. Similarly, Hu et al. showed that rutile particles (10–20 nm), at concentrations above 1 g/kg soil, can be bio-accumulated in earthworms, where they induce oxidative stress, inhibit the activity of cellulase and induce DNA and mitochondrial damage.

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Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) is another popular method for determining barium in TiO2. This technique uses an inductively coupled plasma to ionize the sample and then measures the intensity of light emitted by the resulting ions. ICP-OES offers high sensitivity and wide dynamic range, allowing for the detection of trace amounts of barium. It also requires specialized equipment, but its automation capabilities can reduce costs and improve efficiency.

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