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Nanoparticles
Data availability statement
R-5566:
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is commonly applied to enhance the white colour and brightness of food products. TiO2 is also used as white pigment in other products such as toothpaste. A small fraction of the pigment is known to be present as nanoparticles (NPs). Recent studies with TiO2 NPs indicate that these particles can have toxic effects. In this paper, we aimed to estimate the oral intake of TiO2 and its NPs from food, food supplements and toothpaste in the Dutch population aged 2 to over 70 years by combining data on food consumption and supplement intake with concentrations of Ti and TiO2 NPs in food products and supplements. For children aged 2-6 years, additional intake via ingestion of toothpaste was estimated. The mean long-term intake to TiO2 ranges from 0.06 mg/kg bw/day in elderly (70+), 0.17 mg/kg bw/day for 7-69-year-old people, to 0.67 mg/kg bw/day in children (2-6 year old). The estimated mean intake of TiO2 NPs ranges from 0.19 μg/kg bw/day in elderly, 0.55 μg/kg bw/day for 7-69-year-old people, to 2.16 μg/kg bw/day in young children. Ninety-fifth percentile (P95) values are 0.74, 1.61 and 4.16 μg/kg bw/day, respectively. The products contributing most to the TiO2 intake are toothpaste (in young children only), candy, coffee creamer, fine bakery wares and sauces. In a separate publication, the results are used to evaluate whether the presence of TiO2 NPs in these products can pose a human health risk.
It's also worth noting that even prior to the EU decision, France had already outlawed titanium dioxide in food back in January 2020.
Reproductive and developmental effects
Firstly, titanium dioxide is extensively used as a pigment in paints, plastics, paper, and other products. Its high refractive index and excellent light scattering ability make it an ideal choice for providing brightness and opacity to these materials. Moreover, titanium dioxide is non-toxic and chemically stable, making it safe for use in food and pharmaceutical products.
As an over-the-counter manufacturer, titanium dioxide is also used in the production of pharmaceuticals
titanium dioxide over the counter manufacturer. It is often used as a coating for tablets and capsules, providing a barrier against moisture and oxygen, which can cause degradation of the drug. This helps to maintain the potency and efficacy of the medication throughout its shelf life.
How we’re exposed to an ingredient matters greatly in terms of our long-term health.
Research shows that inhaling titanium dioxide particles in significant quantities over time can cause adverse health outcomes. Unless you work in an industrial setting, inhaling substantial amounts of titanium dioxide is highly unlikely.
Research shows that inhaling titanium dioxide particles in significant quantities over time can cause adverse health outcomes. Unless you work in an industrial setting, inhaling substantial amounts of titanium dioxide is highly unlikely.