rutile titanium dioxide

In the realm of pigments, titanium dioxide's ability to reflect light across the visible spectrum makes it an ideal candidate for brightening products. It is widely used in paints, plastics, paper, inks, food coloring, and cosmetics. The addition of TiO2 not only enhances the whiteness but also improves the durability and opacity of these materials. Moreover, its non-toxic nature ensures that it can be safely used in products that come into direct contact with humans, such as food colorants and cosmetics.

...

In 2021, the European Food Safety Authority concluded that titanium dioxide is no longer safe in foods due to the same concerns over nanoparticles. As a result, titanium dioxide is now banned as a food additive in the EU. Although studies have shown that the absorption of ingested titanium dioxide is low, evidence suggests that titanium dioxide nanoparticles can accumulate in the body over time. Health Canada deemed it safe in 2022 but noted concerns. Unlike their European counterparts, Canadian officials did not consider studies performed with titanium dioxide nanoparticles alone. 

...