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Anatase titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a widely used food-grade additive that imparts various functionalities to food products. It is a naturally occurring mineral that has been extensively studied for its safety and effectiveness in food applications. TiO2 is classified as GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe) by the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) and is approved for use in a wide range of food products, including beverages, confectionery, and pharmaceuticals.

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In a study published in the journal Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology in 2020, researchers examined the effects of food additives titanium dioxide and silica on the intestinal tract by grouping and feeding mice three different food-grade particles — micro-TiO2, nano-TiO2, and nano-SiO2.  With all three groups, researchers observed changes in the gut microbiota, particularly mucus-associated bacteria. Furthermore, all three groups experienced inflammatory damage to the intestine, but the nano-TiO2 displayed the most pronounced changes. The researchers wrote: “Our results suggest that the toxic effects on the intestine were due to reduced intestinal mucus barrier function and an increase in metabolite lipopolysaccharides which activated the expression of inflammatory factors downstream. In mice exposed to nano-TiO2, the intestinal PKC/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway was activated. These findings will raise awareness of toxicities associated with the use of food-grade TiO2 and SiO2.”

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① Coatings: The downstream demand structure of domestic and overseas titanium dioxide is similar. Coatings are the largest application fields, accounting for 61% of the consumption. Among the four components of paint products, namely resin, pigments and fillers, solvents and additives, titanium dioxide accounts for 10% to 25% of the total cost, accounting for more than 90% of the total amount of pigments and fillers, and more than 95% of the total amount of white pigments.

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In conclusion, the price list for lithopone pigment in China is a complex interplay of raw material costs, production efficiency, technology, environmental regulations, export dynamics, and competition. It is essential for buyers to stay updated on these factors to make informed purchasing decisions. While prices may fluctuate, China's vast production capacity and competitive market ensure a steady supply of this crucial pigment to global markets.

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For a mini-review published in the journal Particle and Fibre Technology in 2021, scientists wanted to evaluate whether Ti02 particles contributed to the development and/or exacerbation of irritable bowel disease, and whether they altered the four elements of intestinal barrier function: the intestinal microbiota, the immune system, the mucus layer, and the epithelium. The breakdown of these four elements can contribute to autoimmune, neurological, inflammatory, infectious, and metabolic diseases. Following their review, the researchers concluded: “Data indicate that TiO2 is able to alter the four compartments of IBF and to induce a low-grade intestinal inflammation associated or not with pre-neoplastic lesions.” 

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