UV–vis spectra were carried out in the supernatant of both vitamins@P25TiO₂NPs samples after centrifugation to measure the amount of unbound vitamin. Standard curves at 375 nm and 255 nm were done for vitamin B2 and C, respectively, using a Synergy BioTeK multi-mode microplate reader.

Scrap zinc or concentrated zinc ores are dissolved in sulfuric acid, the solution is purified and the two solutions are reacted. A heavy mixed precipitate results that is 28 to 30% zinc sulfide and 72 to 70% barium sulfate.

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