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Another pivotal change in the TiO2 industry has been the consolidation of factories under larger corporations. This trend toward consolidation enabled companies to invest more heavily in research and development, leading to breakthroughs in pigment performance and application versatility This trend toward consolidation enabled companies to invest more heavily in research and development, leading to breakthroughs in pigment performance and application versatility This trend toward consolidation enabled companies to invest more heavily in research and development, leading to breakthroughs in pigment performance and application versatility This trend toward consolidation enabled companies to invest more heavily in research and development, leading to breakthroughs in pigment performance and application versatilitytio2 industry factories. Today's TiO2 products boast enhanced brightness, opacity, and durability, catering to the diverse needs of various industries.

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In a 2020 study published in the Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, researchers conducted an in vitro experiment to analyze the effects of TiO2 nanoparticles on a human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cell line. The scientists evaluated “reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, apoptosis, cellular antioxidant response, endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy.” The results showed that exposure to the nanoparticles “induced ROS generation in a dose dependent manner, with values reaching up to 10 fold those of controls. Nrf2 nuclear localization and autophagy also increased in a dose dependent manner. Apoptosis increased by 4- to 10-fold compared to the control group, depending on the dose employed.” 

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