TiO₂ is also used in oral pharmaceutical formulations, and the Pharmaceutical Excipients handbook considers nano-sized TiO₂ a non-irritant and non-toxic excipient. Despite the fact that TiO₂ submicron- and nano-sized particles are widely used as food and pharmaceutical additives, information on their toxicity and distribution upon oral exposure is very limited.

Food recalls:Some Jif peanut butter products recalled over salmonella outbreak concerns 

 (1) Konaka et al. 1999. (2) Serpone et al. 2006. (3) Brezova et al. 2004. (4) Dunford et al. 1997. (5) Warner et al. 1997. (6) Salinaro et al. 1997. (7) Maness et al. 1999.