lithopone for pvc factories

Different dermal cell types have been reported to differ in their sensitivity to nano-sized TiO2 . Kiss et al. exposed human keratinocytes (HaCaT), human dermal fibroblast cells, sebaceous gland cells (SZ95) and primary human melanocytes to 9 nm-sized TiO2 particles at concentrations from 0.15 to 15 μg/cm2 for up to 4 days. The particles were detected in the cytoplasm and perinuclear region in fibroblasts and melanocytes, but not in kerati-nocytes or sebaceous cells. The uptake was associated with an increase in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration. A dose- and time-dependent decrease in cell proliferation was evident in all cell types, whereas in fibroblasts an increase in cell death via apoptosis has also been observed. Anatase TiO2 in 20–100 nm-sized form has been shown to be cytotoxic in mouse L929 fibroblasts. The decrease in cell viability was associated with an increase in the production of ROS and the depletion of glutathione. The particles were internalized and detected within lysosomes. In human keratinocytes exposed for 24 h to non-illuminated, 7 nm-sized anatase TiO2, a cluster analysis of the gene expression revealed that genes involved in the “inflammatory response” and “cell adhesion”, but not those involved in “oxidative stress” and “apoptosis”, were up-regulated. The results suggest that non-illuminated TiO2 particles have no significant impact on ROS-associated oxidative damage, but affect the cell-matrix adhesion in keratinocytes in extracellular matrix remodelling. In human keratinocytes, Kocbek et al. investigated the adverse effects of 25 nm-sized anatase TiO2 (5 and 10 μg/ml) after 3 months of exposure and found no changes in the cell growth and morphology, mitochondrial function and cell cycle distribution. The only change was a larger number of nanotubular intracellular connections in TiO2-exposed cells compared to non-exposed cells. Although the authors proposed that this change may indicate a cellular transformation, the significance of this finding is not clear. On the other hand, Dunford et al. studied the genotoxicity of UV-irradiated TiO2 extracted from sunscreen lotions, and reported severe damage to plasmid and nuclear DNA in human fibroblasts. Manitol (antioxidant) prevented DNA damage, implying that the genotoxicity was mediated by ROS.

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lithopone for pvc factories2025-08-14 07:04
1576

At present, the domestic wet zinc smelting mainly adopts the roasting-leaching-electrowinning production process, and the zinc content in the acid leaching residue is generally 8-15%, some up to 20%, and the sulfur mass fraction is 6-12%, of which sulfuric acid The root mass fraction is 15-30%, mainly in the form of 0^0 4 (in this ammoniatic environment, the leaching rate of sulfate leaching in multiple stages can reach 70%). The zinc in the acid leaching residue is mainly in the form of ZnFe 2 0 4 . In order to recover these zinc, the treatment methods are currently available in the fire method and the wet method. The fire method is the rotary kiln evaporation method (Wilz method) and the fumigating furnace evaporation method. . The wet method has hot acid leaching or high temperature pressure leaching. The fire treatment process is long, the equipment maintenance is large, the investment is high, the working environment is poor, and a large amount of coal or metallurgical coking coal is consumed, which has low efficiency and large environmental pollution. Therefore, it is usually leached by hot acid or high-pressure leaching. These methods still have the disadvantages of: 1 consumption of a large amount of acid, low leaching rate, due to the large amount of calcium sulfate, calcium sulphate and other ultrafine particles to isolate the zinc oxide particles, resulting in Electrolytic zinc enterprises are difficult to leach in acid environment, and the second weak acid leaching is not meaningful because the recovery rate is too low. 2 If leached with strong acid, although ZnFe 2 0 4 is destroyed, the leaching rate is improved, but the iron leaching rate is also high (up to 60%). The pressure of iron removal is large, and more reagents are consumed. 3 High temperature and high pressure equipment is corroded. Serious, complicated equipment investment; 4 high operating costs, poor economic returns. 5 The last slag discharged is acid leaching residue, which brings new pollution to the environment. It has to be cured and landfilled, which not only pollutes the environment, but also wastes resources.

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lithopone for pvc factories2025-08-14 06:55
1975

One of the primary factors supporting the growth of the wholesale titanium dioxide market is its versatility. Used in a wide variety of applications, such as paints, plastics, coatings, and paper products, demand for titanium dioxide remains robust across various sectors. The increasing demand for architectural and industrial paints, coupled with the ongoing innovations in the plastic industry, have bolstered demand for this versatile white pigment.

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lithopone for pvc factories2025-08-14 06:23
1163

First, the ammonia leaching method is used as a technical means for the effective treatment of acid leaching slag, and the nano nitrite powder is prepared under a weak alkaline ( Ή 8 8.5 to 10) ammonia environment. In an alkaline environment, some metal impurities such as The solubility of Ca, Mg, Fe and Al hydroxides is low, and the impurities entering the final immersion liquid in the selective leaching of ammonia-ammonium sulfate are reduced, thereby ensuring the quality of the product; the traditional acid method for preparing lithopone is because of the zinc calcination. In the roasting and reduction process of the alkalized alkali, the elemental sulfur and sulfite are more or less produced, and the prepared white powder has a yellowish color, and the metathesis reaction of the patent is carried out in an ammonia solution (alkaline). The final product obtained is sulfate, which is quickly and thoroughly added by desulfurization through 3⁄40 2 , and the whiteness of the product can be ensured without high temperature calcination; the equipment requirement is lower than that of sulfuric acid leaching, and the ordinary steel leaching tank can complete the leaching; The environmental pollution problem of acid leaching residue, especially effectively solves the environmental pollution of heavy metals such as zinc, copper, lead, cadmium and arsenic in acid leaching residue and the influence of acid ions on the storage environment. Realize the recycling of high-value metal zinc in acid leaching slag, realize the acidity improvement of soil and have the comprehensive advantages of low cost, energy saving and environmental protection.

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lithopone for pvc factories2025-08-14 06:19
2017

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