of barium sulphate

In addition to hiding power, titanium dioxide also plays a vital role in enhancing the durability of paints. It acts as a barrier, protecting the walls from external elements such as UV radiation, moisture and pollutants. Titanium dioxide's high refractive index allows it to reflect harmful UV rays, preventing them from fading paint and retaining its vibrant colors for a long time. This UV resistance is especially important for facades that are exposed to sunlight throughout the day.

...

In a 2020 study published in the Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, researchers conducted an in vitro experiment to analyze the effects of TiO2 nanoparticles on a human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cell line. The scientists evaluated “reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, apoptosis, cellular antioxidant response, endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy.” The results showed that exposure to the nanoparticles “induced ROS generation in a dose dependent manner, with values reaching up to 10 fold those of controls. Nrf2 nuclear localization and autophagy also increased in a dose dependent manner. Apoptosis increased by 4- to 10-fold compared to the control group, depending on the dose employed.” 

...