iron oxide brown exporters

In addition to its biocompatibility, titanium dioxide also possesses excellent photocatalytic properties. When exposed to ultraviolet light, it can generate reactive oxygen species, which have potent antibacterial effects. This property makes titanium dioxide a promising candidate for developing anti-infective medical products. For example, titanium dioxide-coated medical devices could reduce the risk of bacterial infection by killing bacteria on their surface.

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No acute effects of nano-sized TiO2 were observed in Danio rerio (zebrafish) embryos. Exposure of rainbow trout to TiO2 NPs triggered lipid peroxidation, influence on the respiratory tract, disturbance in the metabolism of Cu and Zn, induction of intestinal erosion  and accumulation in kidney tissue. Linhua et al. exposed juvenile carp to 100 and 200 mg/ml of particles and TiO2 observed no mortality. However, the fish suffered from oxidative stress and pathological changes in gill and liver. In the infaunal species Arenicola marina, exposure to TiO2 NPs in sediment caused sub-lethal effects including decrease in casting rate and increase in cellular and DNA damage. Aggregated particles were visible in the lumen of the gut, but no uptake through the gut or the skin was observed.

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