china use of lithopone

However, challenges remain for China's talc and titanium dioxide industry. Environmental concerns surrounding the mining and processing of these minerals have led to increased scrutiny from both domestic and international regulators. Additionally, competition from other countries with abundant reserves of these minerals could potentially limit China's market share in the future. Despite these challenges, China's role in the global talc and titanium dioxide market is expected to remain significant, as the country continues to invest in its mining infrastructure and explore new applications for these versatile minerals.

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No acute effects of nano-sized TiO2 were observed in Danio rerio (zebrafish) embryos. Exposure of rainbow trout to TiO2 NPs triggered lipid peroxidation, influence on the respiratory tract, disturbance in the metabolism of Cu and Zn, induction of intestinal erosion  and accumulation in kidney tissue. Linhua et al. exposed juvenile carp to 100 and 200 mg/ml of particles and TiO2 observed no mortality. However, the fish suffered from oxidative stress and pathological changes in gill and liver. In the infaunal species Arenicola marina, exposure to TiO2 NPs in sediment caused sub-lethal effects including decrease in casting rate and increase in cellular and DNA damage. Aggregated particles were visible in the lumen of the gut, but no uptake through the gut or the skin was observed.

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