The RGB LED panel was made ad hoc, and configured for solar simulation white light (including the absorption spectra of the nanoparticles: 390–410). No heat was detected at the working distance. The retina of the albino male Wistar rats were not affected under these conditions, because the intensity and time of the applied irradiation was lower than the regular fluorescent lamp bulb in the room (216.65 W/m2) [34].

Genotoxicity Assessment 

The FDA is reviewing the safety of titanium dioxide in response to an April petition from EWG and other environmental and public health groups. This is the FDA’s first comprehensive review of titanium dioxide since 1973.

Faber argued there hasn't been enough change in these federal regulations in the decades following the FDA's approval of titanium dioxide – especially as others increasingly point to potential health consequences.