- For example,;I have found that-if titanium acid cake is first added to the zinc sulphate solution, and then the lithopone-produced in the usual manner, that theresultaht product, upon mufiing, will form bluish compounds of titanium, which discolor somewhat the final product, and this discoloration is disadvantageous.
≤0.3

It's also worth noting that even prior to the EU decision, France had already outlawed titanium dioxide in food back in January 2020.

Titanium dioxide as used in sunscreens is commonly modified with other ingredients to ensure efficacy and stability. Examples of what are known as surface modifier ingredients used for titanium dioxide include stearic acid, isostearic acid, polyhydroxystearic acid, and dimethicone/methicone copolymer.
In addition to the toxic effects of TiO2 NPs, discussed in previous chapters, these NPs have been also shown to promote photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism, resulting in the enhanced growth of spinach. It increases the absorption of light and accelerates the transfer and transformation of the light energy. It was also found that treatment with nano-sized TiO2 significantly increased the level of antioxidant enzymes, and decreased the ROS accumulation and malonyldialdehyde content in spinach chloroplasts under visible and UV irradiation. TiO2 NPs also increased the superoxide dismutase activity of germinating soybean, enhanced its antioxidant ability, and promoted seed germination and seedling growth.
High Scattering Power TiO2 DongFang R5566

3. What is EFSA saying in its 2021 opinion on the safety of titanium dioxide as a food additive?
There are two primary forms of titanium dioxide commercially available: anatase and rutile. The rutile form is typically used in sunscreens due to its superior ability to handle UV rays and stability in the presence of UV light. The anatase form is typically used in other types of products, such as paint. Another plus of the rutile form is that its UVA protection extends past 400 nanometers, which is the upper limit of UVA.
≤0.3
To ensure the optimal precipitation percentage, it is important to carefully control these factors during the precipitation process. For example, a higher concentration of titanium sulfate will typically result in a higher precipitation percentage, but may also lead to the formation of impurities. On the other hand, a lower pH of the reaction mixture can promote the precipitation of titanium hydroxide, but may also result in a lower precipitation percentage.

In some studies, E171 was given to animals in drinking water without the stabilizers that keep E171 suspended in the liquid. Without stabilizers, E171 can settle and prevent the ingredient from combining with surrounding ingredients.