The vitaminC@P25TiO₂NPs, on the other side, did not have any effect on cell protection against ROS. This might be due to the fact that vitamin C, a well-known scavenger of ROS, could behave as prooxidant and even promote ROS and lipid peroxidation [39]. It was recently described that at small concentrations of vitamin C, the prooxidant effects dominate; while in large concentrations the antioxidant ones predominate [40]. The effect also depends on the cell state and the interaction of vitamin C with light. In this case, ascorbic acid may act as an antenna to harvest visible light when conjugated to P25TiO₂NPs. Indeed, it was previously found that this combination (in some ratios) could have an improved photocatalytic activity, possibly due to a red shift in its light absorbance [41]. Further studies on vitaminC@P25TiO₂NPs were not conducted, because of the poor antioxidant capacity [42].

The leading Chinese TiO2 exporter in value and quantity has been Sichuan Lomon, followed by Henan Billions and Gansu CNNC Huayuan. However, Sichuan Lomon exported a value of titanium dioxide by USD100,000,000 more than the second rank Henan Billions. Henan Billions, on the other hand, exported over USD70,000,000 more TiO2 than Gansu CNNC Huayuan. This demonstrates the huge monopole-like position of the newly merged company Henan Lomon, which can determine the market development for TiO2 in China nearly all alone.