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Titanium dioxide (TiO2), commonly known as titanium white, is a naturally occurring inorganic compound that has gained immense popularity due to its unique properties and wide range of applications. This versatile substance is not only used as a pigment but also finds its use in various industries such as cosmetics, paints, plastics, and even solar cells. In this article, we will explore the different aspects of titanium dioxide and how it has become an essential part of our daily lives.

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Some websites maintain titanium dioxide is inferior to zinc oxide, another mineral sunscreen ingredient whose core characteristics are similar to those of titanium dioxide. The reality is that titanium dioxide is a great broad-spectrum SPF ingredient and is widely used in all manner of sun-protection products. What gets confusing for some consumers is trying to decipher research that ranks sunscreen ingredients by a UV spectrum graph. By most standards, broad-spectrum coverage for sunscreen ingredients is defined as one that surpasses 360 nanometers (abbreviated as “nm” - how the sun’s rays are measured). Titanium dioxide exceeds this range of protection, but depending on whose research you read, it either performs as well as or slightly below zinc oxide.

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Located in a state-of-the-art facility, the R2196 Titanium Dioxide Factory is equipped with advanced technology and machinery to produce high-quality titanium dioxide. The factory follows strict quality control measures to ensure that the final product meets the highest standards. With a team of skilled professionals overseeing the production process, the factory is able to consistently deliver top-notch titanium dioxide to its customers.

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Freshwater algae show low-to-moderate susceptibility to TiO2 exposure, with more pronounced toxic effects in the presence of UV irradiation. It has also been shown that nano-sized TiO2 is significantly more toxic to algae Pseudokirchneriella sub-capitata than submicron-sized TiO2. Hund-Rinke and Simon  reported that UV irradiated 25 nm TiO2 NPs are more toxic to green freshwater algae Desmodesmus subspicatus than UV irradiated 50 nm particles, which is in agreement with Hartmann et al. UV irradiated TiO2 NPs also inactivated other algae species such as AnabaenaMicrocystisMelsoira and Chroococcus. It was demonstrated that smaller particles have a greater potential to penetrate the cell interior than submicron-sized particles and larger aggregates. Studies have shown that the amount of TiO2 adsorbed on algal cells can be up to 2.3 times their own weight.

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