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  • Sweetness Debate The Case of 951 and 950 Sweeteners


  • Chemical Raising Agents Chemical raising agents, unlike their biological counterparts, work quickly and do not require time for fermentation. The most common chemical leaveners are baking powder and baking soda. Baking soda, or sodium bicarbonate, needs an acidic component (like buttermilk or vinegar) to activate, creating carbon dioxide gas. On the other hand, baking powder contains both an acid and a base and is ready to work when mixed with liquid. There are two types of baking powder single-acting and double-acting. Single-acting baking powder releases gas as soon as it is moistened, while double-acting baking powder does so in two phases—once when wet and again when heated. This characteristic makes double-acting baking powder particularly popular in recipes that require baking in a preheated oven.


    raising agents in food

    raising
  • Enzyme preparations – These can be obtained by extraction from plants or animal products or from micro-organisms such as bacteria. Enzyme preparations are mainly used in baking (to improve dough), fruit juices, wine making and brewing (to improve fermentation) and cheese making.
  • Safety and Environmental Considerations


  • Color additives can be classified into two main categories natural and synthetic. Natural color additives are derived from plant, animal, or mineral sources and are often perceived as safer and healthier. Examples include beet juice, turmeric, and paprika, which not only provide vibrant colors but may also offer some nutritional benefits. On the other hand, synthetic color additives are chemically manufactured and include familiar names like Red 40, Yellow 5, and Blue 1. These synthetic dyes are often brighter and more stable than natural alternatives, making them attractive to manufacturers.


  • Flour bleaching is a process that involves the oxidation of flour, which not only whitens its appearance but also enhances its baking performance. Naturally, flour is a yellowish color due to the presence of carotenoids. To achieve a bright white hue, millers employ bleaching agents, which can be either chemical or natural. The most commonly used chemical bleaching agents include benzoyl peroxide, chlorine dioxide, and calcium peroxide. Each of these agents acts by altering the proteins and starches in the flour, resulting in improved dough strength and elasticity.


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  • Sorbates are a family of chemical compounds that include potassium sorbate, sodium sorbate, and calcium sorbate, all of which act as preservatives. Potassium sorbate is the most widely used form and is recognized for its ability to extend the shelf life of food products without significantly altering their flavor, color, or texture. These compounds work by disrupting the cellular function of microorganisms, thereby preventing their growth and reproduction.


  • In addition to its leavening capabilities, sodium bicarbonate also acts as a pH regulator and buffering agent. Many recipes require specific pH levels to ensure the right texture and flavor. Sodium bicarbonate can neutralize acidic ingredients, balancing the overall pH of the dish. This property is especially important in recipes for certain sauces, pickles, and candies, where maintaining a stable pH is crucial for both flavor and preservation.