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Drobne et al. used the terrestrial arthropod Porcellio scaber as a test organism for determining the cytotoxic effect of TiO2 NPs (anatase). The animals were exposed to TiO2 NPs of two different sizes (25 nm and 75 nm) in the concentration range 10–1000 μg TiO2/g dry food for 3 to 14 days. No adverse effects, such as mortality, body weight changes or reduced feeding, were observed. In fact, quite the opposite, an enhanced feeding rate, food absorption efficiency and increase in catalase activity were observed. The intensity of these responses appeared to be time- but not dose-dependent. It should also be noted that the concentrations tested in this study were much higher than the predicted concentration (4.8 μg/g soil) at high emission scenario of nano-sized TiO2. Using the same test organism another group showed that exposure to TiO2 NPs induced destabilization of cell membrane in the epithelium of digestive glands isolated from exposed animals. They also showed that this effect can be observed after just 30 minutes of exposure.

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Titanium dioxide's significance in rubber production stems from its exceptional opacity and whiteness, which significantly improves the visual appeal of products like tires, rubber sheets, and various industrial rubber goods. Its ability to scatter light effectively makes it a preferred choice for creating bright, clean white shades in rubber products. Moreover, TiO2 also imparts heat resistance, enhances tensile strength, and improves the overall mechanical properties of the rubber, making it more durable and long-lasting.

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The Chinese lithopone B311 manufacturing industry is characterized by its competitiveness, technological advancement, and commitment to quality. The companies featured in this article are at the forefront of this industry, offering a diverse range of products and services that cater to the needs of customers worldwide. As the demand for lithopone B311 continues to grow, these manufacturers are well-positioned to capitalize on emerging opportunities and maintain their leadership position in the market.

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When sourcing lithopone, businesses typically consult with manufacturers who provide detailed price lists. These lists outline the costs associated with different types of lithopone, such as those tailored for specific solvent resistance or heat stability requirements. Prospective buyers should expect to find a range of options, from economy grades suitable for general-purpose uses to more sophisticated varieties intended for exacting industrial applications.

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