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Australian researchers examined how titanium dioxide as a food additive affected gut microbiota in mice by orally administering it in drinking water. The study, published in the journal Frontiers in Nutrition in 2019, found the treatment could “alter the release of bacterial metabolites in vivo and affect the spatial distribution of commensal bacteria in vitro by promoting biofilm formation. We also found reduced expression of the colonic mucin 2 gene, a key component of the intestinal mucus layer, and increased expression of the beta defensin gene, indicating that titanium dioxide significantly impacts gut homeostasis.” The changes were then linked to colonic inflammation, along with a higher expression of inflammatory cytokines, which are signal proteins that help with regulation. The researchers concluded that titanium dioxide “impairs gut homeostasis which may in turn prime the host for disease development.”

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titanium oxide and 2 per cent' sulphuric acidand 63 per cent water, are slowly added to a solution containing 1050 pounds of barium sulphide, held in a large cylindrical tank, provided with a rotary agitation :capable of producing rapid agitation. The mass isthus v rapidly agitated, and the 2 per cent of sulphuric acid contained in the titanium acid cake reacts with a small portion of the barium sulphide. This reaction may be represented by the following equation TiO H 80 The free sulphuric acid of the titanium acid cake is neutralized by thebarium sul-' phide solution, forming barium sulphate and hydrogen sulphide, as indicated by the above equation. As the sulphuric acid is present only in a small percentage, the major porltiion of the barium sulphide remains as suc very fine colloidal suspension. The barium sulphate produced is also very fine, and the presence of this. very fine barium sulphate in suspension, and also of the very fine colloidal titanium oxide, is believed to be the explanation of the great improvement in the properties of the finished lithopone.

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Exporters of titanium dioxide coatings play a crucial role in the global distribution of this essential material. These suppliers typically specialize in the refining and processing of titanium ore into a usable form of titanium dioxide. The process involves mining the raw material, primarily ilmenite or rutile, followed by conversion into titanium dioxide through various chemical processes. The resulting product must meet stringent quality standards to ensure it performs effectively in its intended application.

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The production process of lithopone involves a sophisticated synthesis of zinc sulfide and barium sulfate, resulting in a pigment that boasts high whiteness, opacity, and heat stability. The ratio of ZnS to BaSO4 can be adjusted to cater to specific applications, with some formulations containing up to 70% zinc sulfide and 30% barium sulfate. This flexibility makes lithopone an adaptable solution for manufacturers seeking optimal performance in their products.

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