titanium dioxide blue

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, 2. The herein-described process for manufacturing lithopone of various grades and a by-product of sodium hydrosulfid, which consists in preparing separate solutions of zinc sulfate and barium sulfid, which solutions are mixed with each other and with that of sodium bisulfate, all in equivalent and calculated amounts to produce and precipitate the desired grade of lithopone and leave the so dium hydrosulfid in solution, substantially as described.

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In vitro, in the hemocytes of the marine mussel Mytilus hemocytes, suspension of TiO2 NPs (Degussa P25, 10 μg/ml) stimulated immune and inflammatory responses, such as lysozyme release, oxidative burst and nitric oxide production. Vevers and Jha demonstrated the intrinsic genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of TiO2 NPs on a fish-cell line derived from rainbow-trout gonadal tissue (RTG-2 cells) after 24 h of exposure to 50 μg/ml. Reeves et al. demonstrated a significant increase in the level of oxidative DNA damage in goldfish cells, and suggested that damage could not repaired by DNA repair mechanisms. Another suggestion from the mentioned study was that hydroxyl radicals are generated also in the absence of UV light. It has been shown that fish cells are generally more susceptible to toxic/oxidative injury than mammalian cells.

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