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In order to contribute with experimental evidence that could help to achieve a better understanding of the field for future regulation, in the present work, the biocompatibility of commercial P25TiO2NPs (one type of TiO2NPs used in sunscreen formulations) and two novel functionalized P25TiO2NPs were evaluated under solar simulated irradiation. White light, generated by red, blue, and yellow LEDs, together with UV ones, was chosen to simulate the solar spectra. Functionalization of TiO2NPs was made with antioxidant vitamins in order to prevent the expected photo-initiated ROS production when nanoparticles are exposed to the simulated solar spectra. Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) and vitamin C were chosen to carry out the functionalization because they are water-soluble, low-cost, and are a constitutive part of biological processes. In addition, it is known that both have the potential to prevent macromolecular oxidation by ROS [23][24][25][26].

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  • In conclusion, the titanium dioxide manufacturer’s quest for sustainability is a complex yet essential endeavor. It requires a delicate balance between economic viability, technological advancement, and environmental stewardship. As we move forward, it will be exciting to witness how these manufacturers continue to revolutionize their processes and contribute to a greener industrial landscape.
  • Titanium Dioxide: E171 no longer considered safe when used as a food additive by European Food Safety Authority, May 6, 2021