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The safety of food-grade titanium dioxide, or E171, lies in its ultrafine particle size. These particles are too small to be absorbed by the human body, passing through the digestive system without causing harm. Extensive research has been conducted to confirm this, with studies showing no evidence of genotoxicity or carcinogenicity. However, recent concerns about potential effects from nano-sized particles have led to ongoing evaluations However, recent concerns about potential effects from nano-sized particles have led to ongoing evaluations However, recent concerns about potential effects from nano-sized particles have led to ongoing evaluations However, recent concerns about potential effects from nano-sized particles have led to ongoing evaluationsfood safe titanium dioxide.

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The current price of titanium dioxide ranges from $16,000 to $22,000 per metric ton, depending on the quality and purity of the product. The price fluctuations can be attributed to the changes in the aforementioned factors. For instance, an increase in raw material prices or a decrease in production capacity can lead to a rise in the cost of production, resulting in higher prices for consumers. On the other hand, an increase in market demand or a decrease in supply can lead to a decrease in prices.

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In a review published in 2022 in the journal Archives of Toxicologyresearchers found that the ingestion of E171 is a “a definite health risk for consumers and their progeny.” After reviewing dozens of in vivoex vivo and in vitro studies on the toxicity of E171, the researchers wrote that two facts must be noted: “First, reprotoxicity studies show that animals of both sexes are impacted by the toxicity of these nanoparticles, underlining the importance of conducting in vivo studies using both male and female animals. Second, human exposure begins in utero via maternal-fetal transfer and continues after birth by breastfeeding. Children are then chronically re-exposed due to their food preferences. To be relevant to the human in vivo situation, experimental studies should therefore consider nanoparticle exposure with respect to the age or life period of the studied population.”

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