rutile and anatase

The vitaminB2@TiO2NPs were obtained at room temperature, by a method developed after trying several ratios of reactants. Briefly, 0.02 g of P25TiO2NPs were dispersed in 1 mL of ultra-pure water and stirred in a Vortex. Next, 200 μl of vitamin B2 dissolved in ultra-pure water (5.3 × 10−3 M) were added to 200 μL of P25TiO2NPs and the mixture was ultrasonicated for 1 hour to achieve a deep-yellow homogeneous suspension. The pellet obtained after centrifuging the suspension for 10 min at 4500 rpm was resuspended in ultrapure water, centrifuged again, and then lyophilized.

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When it comes to sourcing titanium dioxide, it is essential to understand the various processes involved in its production. The two primary production methods are the sulfate process and the chloride process. The sulfate process tends to be more cost-effective in certain contexts, but it also generates a substantial amount of waste, putting pressure on manufacturers to invest in waste treatment technologies. On the other hand, the chloride process is known for its superior quality and lower environmental impact, albeit at a higher production cost.


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The demand for TiO2 has been steadily increasing over the years, driven by the growth of the paint and coatings industry, as well as the expansion of its use in other applications such as electronics and cosmetics. In addition, the increasing awareness of the environmental impact of traditional production methods has led to a growing interest in more sustainable production techniques, such as the use of bio-based feedstocks or the implementation of closed-loop processes.

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To address this environmental challenge, Chinese companies have been investing in research and development to improve the efficiency of TiO2 production methods and reduce their carbon footprint. For instance, the adoption of advanced technologies like the sulfate process, which has lower emissions compared to the chloride process, is being encouraged. Additionally, there is a growing focus on utilizing renewable energy sources to power these manufacturing plants.

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