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Separately, concerns have been raised about titanium dioxide impacting one's genetic code. This can be traced to a 2009 study which found that titanium dioxide nanoparticles caused DNA damage and genetic instability in mice. A 2022 study published in Food and Chemical Toxicology also raised concerns about the DNA-damaging effects of titanium dioxide as a food additive. The study noted that results evidenced a DNA-damaging effect, and added that there may also be impacts to chromosomal integrity, an indicator of cancer risk.

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The primary factor that affects the price of titanium dioxide is its production method. There are two main methods for producing titanium dioxide the chloride process and the sulfate process. The chloride process involves heating ilmenite ore in a furnace to produce titanium tetrachloride, which is then purified and reduced to titanium metal. This method produces high-quality titanium dioxide with a low impurity level, making it more expensive than the sulfate process.

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