For a review published in 2023 in the journal Environmental Pollution, researchers examined E171 as a possible factor promoting obesity-related metabolic disorders. Because gut microbiota play an important role in immune function maintenance and development, and because titanium dioxide as a food additive has been shown to alter gut microbiota, researchers wanted to review “the dysregulations along the gut microbiota-immune system axis after oral TiO2 exposure compared to those reported in obese or diabetic patients, and to highlight potential mechanisms by which foodborne TiO2 nanoparticles may increase the susceptibility to develop obesity-related metabolic disorders.” The study authors discovered recurrent changes in the gut microbiota composition when exposed to titanium dioxide nanoparticles, with an imbalance of intestinal symbiotic microbiota. These changes and imbalances were also reported and played a role in the development of obesity, the authors wrote. This highlights “foodborne TiO2 nanoparticles as an endocrine disruptor-like chemical promoting obesity-related disorders,” the authors concluded.
Having thus described the origin and uses of the pigment, we now come to the question, what is lithopone? It is, in short, a chemical compound usually consisting of 30.5 per cent zinc sulphide, 1.5 per cent zinc oxide and 68 per cent barium sulphate, but these proportions vary slightly in the different makes. Lithopone of this composition is sold as the highest grade, either as red seal or green seal, as it best suits the idea of the manufacturer. Many manufacturers, especially in Europe, sell and also export other brands under other seals, containing 24, 20, 18 and as little as 12 per cent of zinc sulphide with very small percentages of zinc oxide, the balance being usually barium sulphate, but sometimes certain portions of China clay or gypsum (calcium sulphate) or whiting (calcium carbonate). Such brands are not a chemical compound, but mechanical mixtures of the chemically compounded lithopone and the admixtures referred to.
However, they did find that minor levels of 0.01% were absorbed by immune cells — known as gut-associated lymphoid tissue — and may be delivered to other organs. Currently, it’s unknown how this may affect human health (17Trusted Source).
Developing new Lithopone formulations, one that enhances the properties of the existing Lithopone is anticipated to boost the demand for Lithopone white pigment during the forecast period. Reinforced Lithopone is one such development, wherein a copolymer is added to the polymerization reaction to yield Lithopone with an increased weather resistance and an anti-ultraviolet property. Moreover, development of nano-scale Lithopone is also anticipated to attract market interest during the forecast period.
The skin of an adult person is, in most places, covered with a relatively thick (∼10 μm) barrier of keratinised dead cells. One of the main questions is still whether TiO2 NPs are able to penetrate into the deeper layers of the skin. The majority of studies suggest that TiO2 NPs, neither uncoated nor coated (SiO2, Al2O3 and SiO2/Al2O3) of different crystalline structures, penetrate normal animal or human skin. However, in most of these studies the exposures were short term (up to 48 h); only few long-term or repeated exposure studies have been published. Wu et al.83 have shown that dermal application of nano-TiO2 of different crystal structures and sizes (4–90 nm) to pig ears for 30 days did not result in penetration of NPs beyond deep epidermis. On the other hand, in the same study the authors reported dermal penetration of TiO2 NPs with subsequent appearance of lesions in multiple organs in hairless mice, that were dermal exposed to nano-TiO2 for 60 days. However, the relevance of this study for human exposure is not conclusive because hairless mice skin has abnormal hair follicles, and mice stratum corneum has higher lipid content than human stratum corneum, which may contribute to different penetration. Recently Sadrieh et al. performed a 4 week dermal exposure to three different TiO2 particles (uncoated submicron-sized, uncoated nano-sized and coated nano-sized) in 5 % sunscreen formulation with minipigs. They found elevated titanium levels in epidermis, dermis and in inguinal lymph nodes, but not in precapsular and submandibular lymph nodes and in liver. With the energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis the authors confirmed presence of few TiO2 particles in dermis and calculated that uncoated nano-sized TiO2 particles observed in dermis represented only 0.00008 % of the total applied amount of TiO2 particles. Based on the same assumptions used by the authors in their calculations it can be calculated that the total number of particles applied was 1.8 × 1013 /cm2 and of these 1.4 x107/cm2 penetrated. The surface area of skin in humans is around 1.8 m2 and for sun protection the cream is applied over whole body, which would mean that 4 week usage of such cream with 5 % TiO2 would result in penetration of totally 2.6 × 1010 particles. Although Sadrieh et al.concluded that there was no significant penetration of TiO2 NPs through intact normal epidermis, the results are not completely confirmative.
Electro galvanizing shaft wire direct is in the electroplating tank through the current unidirectional zinc gradually plated on the metal surface, production speed is slow, uniform coating, thin thickness, usually only 3-15 microns, bright appearance, poor corrosion resistance, generally a few months will rust. Compared with hot dip galvanizing, electric galvanizing has lower production cost. The difference between cold galvanizing and hot galvanizing: the difference between cold galvanizing and hot galvanizing is that the amount of zinc is different. They can be identified from the color. The color of cold galvanizing is shiny silver white with yellow. Hot dip galvanized shiny hair white.
In the purchase of barbed rope should be customer demand, so the amount of galvanized is different, then the two kinds of barbed rope and what is the difference, some customers need high zinc blade barbed rope, but high zinc blade barbed rope price to ordinary galvanized barbed rope price is more than 1000 yuan per ton, the two kinds of barbed rope products, the former is used in many aspects, such as the military, the government’s barbed rope, The latter is more for civilian use.
Large hexagonal net is called stone cage net, mainly used for mountain protection, hydraulic construction, etc. Small wire hexagonal net is used as a good breeding material, the twisted flower hexagonal net in the welding of the iron frame get on the hexagonal net burning welding coops, pigeonholes, rabbit cages and other cage, hexagonal net is the best breeding material with the net.
Large roll galvanized wire as a common industrial supplies in daily life, many people will use, but many of them are not standard operation. Cold galvanized wire is one of the many categories of iron wire, widely used, cold galvanized wire is a kind of galvanized iron wire products made of high quality low carbon steel wire processing, after drawing forming, pickling rust removal, high temperature annealing, hot galvanized, cooling and other processes.
Hot dip galvanized wire is used in carbon structural steel, which is processed by drawing and hot dip galvanized. It is widely used in the manufacture of wire mesh, highway guardrail and construction projects. Electro galvanized wire is a kind of metal conforming material made of low carbon steel as core wire by wire drawing and electro galvanized process. Mainly used in wire mesh, highway guardrail and construction projects.
Low and medium carbon steel wire is used as raw material, with good surface gloss, uniform zinc layer, strong adhesion, corrosion resistance and so on. Available: diameter 1.60mm-4mm (16#-33#) cold plating wire; Diameter 6.40mm-0.81mm(8#-21#) black iron wire, changed wire. It is mainly used in communication equipment, medical equipment, weaving net, brush, steel cable, filter, high-pressure pipe, construction, crafts and other industries.
Some customers are more concerned about the quality of the problem, so for the service life is more important, thorn rope factory will generally recommend the use of high zinc thorn rope or stainless steel thorn rope.
When the large roll galvanized wire galvanizing process coating foaming, first check the bath temperature. If the bath temperature is not low, then strengthen the plating before removing oil, prevent the matrix metal in acid corrosion. If you pay attention to these problems, the foaming phenomenon still exists, it should pay attention to the amount and quality of additives, then you can stop adding additives, with high current electrolysis for a period of time, in order to reduce the content of additives, observe whether the foaming phenomenon is improved. If there is still no improvement, it is necessary to check whether the storage period of additives is too long, or whether there are too many impurities in the additives.
In addition, before the wire enters the zinc liquid, a layer of insulation material containing zinc oxide reducing agent can reduce the heat loss and zinc ash floating. When the zinc solution contains 0.002%-0.005% aluminum, the brightness of the zinc layer can be increased obviously, and excessive zinc ash can be prevented from oxidation on the surface of the zinc solution.
A. When the thickness of the plating is 3-4 mm, the zinc adhesion should be less than 460g/m, that is, the average thickness of the zinc layer is not less than 65 microns.
Steel wire and iron wire have many similarities, but carefully distinguish, will find that they are not only different in the material, but also in the product characteristics of the great difference. So when choosing, be sure to make a clear distinction between the two. Steel wire factory introduces steel wire carbon structural steel made above, generally not galvanized, used for machinery, spring. Black, very hard; Wire: made of mild steel (mild steel), galvanized, used for joining and binding. White and soft.
Galvanized hexagonal mesh uses: building wall fixed, heat preservation, heat insulation; Power plant piping, boiler heating; Anti-freezing, residential protection, landscaping protection; Raise chicken and duck, isolate chicken and duck house, play the role of protecting poultry; Protect and support seawalls, hillsides, roads and Bridges and other waterworks.
We often choose what kind of barbed rope instead of the type of barbed rope. In fact, the type of barbed rope is as important as the type of barbed rope. Let’s talk about the difference between 304 and 201 of the barbed wire rolling cage.