tio2 for pigment

Nano-sized TiO2 generally shows low or no acute toxicity in both invertebrates and vertebrates. However, exposure of Daphnia magna to 20 ppm TiO2 for 8 consecutive days was found to cause 40 % mortality. Zhu et al. showed minimal toxicity to D. magna after 48 h exposure, while upon chronic exposure for 21 days, D. magna suffered severe growth retardation and mortality. A significant amount of nano-sized TiO2 was found also accumulated in the body of the animals. Similar findings with coated nano-sized TiO2 (T-Lite™ SF, T-Lite™ SF-S and T-Lite™ MAX; BASF SE) were reported by Wiench et al. Biochemical measurements showed that exposure to TiO2 NPs induces significant concentration-dependent antioxidant enzyme activities in D. magna. Lee et al. showed that 7 and 20 nm-sized TiO2 induced no genotoxic effect in D. magna and in the larva of the aquatic midge Chironomus riparius.

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In addition to coated papers, titanium dioxide is also used in the production of specialty papers, such as those used for labels, packaging, and security documents. In these applications, titanium dioxide is added to the paper pulp to increase the opacity and brightness of the paper. This helps to create a more professional and appealing appearance for the final product, as well as providing enhanced security features through the use of fluorescent or UV-reactive titanium dioxide particles
titanium
titanium dioxide used in paper.

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