china yellow oxide of iron and titanium dioxide

As early as sixty years ago, zinc sulphide was first thought of as a pigment for coloring India rubber and a patent for the process of its manufacture was issued in England. But it was not until twenty years later that zinc sulphide and its manufacture was seriously considered as a pigment for paint, and in 1874 a patent was issued for a process of manufacturing a white pigment, composed of zinc sulphide and barium sulphate, known as Charlton white, also as Orr's white enamel. This was followed in 1876 by a patent issued to a manufacturer named Griffith and the product, which was similar in character to Charlton white, was known as Griffith's patent zinc white. In 1879 another patent for a more novel process was obtained by Griffith & Cawley, the product made under this process proving the best of the series placed upon the market up to that date. After that time many new processes were patented, all, however, tending to the same object, that of producing a white pigment, composed of zinc sulphide and barium carbonate, the results, however, in many cases ending with failure.

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Furthermore, TiO2 is a versatile and environmentally friendly pigment that is widely used in the paper industry. It is non-toxic, biologically inert, and poses no harm to human health or the environment. As sustainability and eco-friendliness become increasingly important considerations for consumers, paper suppliers are turning to TiO2 as a safe and responsible choice for enhancing the quality of their products. TiO2 is also recyclable, making it a sustainable option for paper manufacturers looking to reduce their environmental footprint.

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In addition to the toxic effects of TiO2 NPs, discussed in previous chapters, these NPs have been also shown to promote photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism, resulting in the enhanced growth of spinach. It increases the absorption of light and accelerates the transfer and transformation of the light energy. It was also found that treatment with nano-sized TiO2 significantly increased the level of antioxidant enzymes, and decreased the ROS accumulation and malonyldialdehyde content in spinach chloroplasts under visible and UV irradiation. TiO2 NPs also increased the superoxide dismutase activity of germinating soybean, enhanced its antioxidant ability, and promoted seed germination and seedling growth.

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In conclusion, rutile titanium dioxide is a remarkable material with a wide range of applications in various industries. Its high refractive index, chemical stability, and photocatalytic activity make it an ideal choice for applications where these properties are crucial. With ongoing research and development, the potential uses of rutile TiO2 are likely to expand even further, leading to new and innovative applications in the future.

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