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Separately, concerns have been raised about titanium dioxide impacting one's genetic code. This can be traced to a 2009 study which found that titanium dioxide nanoparticles caused DNA damage and genetic instability in mice. A 2022 study published in Food and Chemical Toxicology also raised concerns about the DNA-damaging effects of titanium dioxide as a food additive. The study noted that results evidenced a DNA-damaging effect, and added that there may also be impacts to chromosomal integrity, an indicator of cancer risk.

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In addition to these three main types of titanium dioxide, there are also specialized grades that have been developed for specific applications. For example, there are grades of titanium dioxide that have been surface-treated to improve their dispersibility in liquids, making them ideal for use in inkjet inks and other liquid applications. There are also grades of titanium dioxide that have been treated to enhance their UV resistance, making them ideal for use in outdoor coatings and plastics.

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