lithopone in pigment

The conventional surface treatment methods of titanium alloy include glow discharge plasma deposition, oxygen ion implantation, hydrogen peroxide treatment, thermal oxidation, sol-gel method, anodic oxidation, microarc oxidation, laser alloying, and pulsed laser deposition. These methods have different characteristics and are applied in different fields. Glow discharge plasma deposition can get a clean surface, and the thickness of the oxide film obtained is 2 nm to 150 nm [2–8]. The oxide film obtained from oxygen ion implantation is thicker, about several microns [9–14]. Hydrogen peroxide treatment of titanium alloy surface is a process of chemical dissolution and oxidation [15, 16]. The dense part of the oxide film is less than 5 nm [17–21]. The oxide film generated from the thermal oxidation method has a porous structure, and its thickness is commonly about 10-20 μm [22–25]. The oxide film from the sol-gel method is rich in Ti-OH, a composition that could induce apatite nucleation and improve the combining of implants and bone. It has a thickness of less than 10 μm [26–28]. Applied with the anodic oxidation method, the surface can generate a porous oxide film of 10 μm to 20 μm thickness [29–31]. Similarly, the oxide film generated from the microarc oxidation method is also porous and has a thickness of 10 μm to 20 μm [32, 33].

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lithopone in pigment2025-08-15 04:34
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Aside from its optical properties, TiO2 boasts excellent stability under various environmental conditions. It does not decompose when exposed to sunlight or react with other ingredients in formulations. This chemical inertness makes TiO2 a reliable choice for both indoor and outdoor applications, where resistance to UV radiation and weathering is crucial This chemical inertness makes TiO2 a reliable choice for both indoor and outdoor applications, where resistance to UV radiation and weathering is crucial This chemical inertness makes TiO2 a reliable choice for both indoor and outdoor applications, where resistance to UV radiation and weathering is crucial This chemical inertness makes TiO2 a reliable choice for both indoor and outdoor applications, where resistance to UV radiation and weathering is crucialtio2 for pigment manufacturer. Manufacturers can thus create products with longer shelf lives and improved durability without compromising on performance or safety standards.

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lithopone in pigment2025-08-15 03:30
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