iron oxide pigment quotes factory

Rutile, the most common form of titanium dioxide, is a reddish-brown pigment with a high refractive index and excellent weathering resistance. It is mainly used in paints, coatings, plastics, and paper industries due to its ability to provide excellent whiteness, opacity, and UV protection. Rutile titanium dioxide is typically produced by the sulfate process, which involves the reaction of titanium ore with sulfuric acid to produce titanium sulfate. The resulting solution is then treated with ammonia to precipitate titanium hydroxide, which is subsequently calcined at high temperatures to obtain rutile titanium dioxide.

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The conventional surface treatment methods of titanium alloy include glow discharge plasma deposition, oxygen ion implantation, hydrogen peroxide treatment, thermal oxidation, sol-gel method, anodic oxidation, microarc oxidation, laser alloying, and pulsed laser deposition. These methods have different characteristics and are applied in different fields. Glow discharge plasma deposition can get a clean surface, and the thickness of the oxide film obtained is 2 nm to 150 nm [28]. The oxide film obtained from oxygen ion implantation is thicker, about several microns [914]. Hydrogen peroxide treatment of titanium alloy surface is a process of chemical dissolution and oxidation [1516]. The dense part of the oxide film is less than 5 nm [1721]. The oxide film generated from the thermal oxidation method has a porous structure, and its thickness is commonly about 10-20 μm [2225]. The oxide film from the sol-gel method is rich in Ti-OH, a composition that could induce apatite nucleation and improve the combining of implants and bone. It has a thickness of less than 10 μm [2628]. Applied with the anodic oxidation method, the surface can generate a porous oxide film of 10 μm to 20 μm thickness [2931]. Similarly, the oxide film generated from the microarc oxidation method is also porous and has a thickness of 10 μm to 20 μm [3233].

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