The principal natural source of titanium dioxide is mined ilmenite ore, which contains 45-60 percent TiO₂. From this, or an enriched derivative (known as titanium slag), pure TiO₂ can be produced using the sulphate or chloride process.

TiO₂ is typically thought of as being chemically inert, meaning it does not react with other chemicals and is, therefore, a stable substance that can be used in many different industries and for various applications.

Because of the uncertainty of the impacts of nanoparticles, Made Safe exercises the precautionary principle, meaning we avoid nanoparticles until more extensive scientific testing proves their safety.

Lithopone supplier: Synthesis method of lithopone

In summary, although more human evidence is needed to determine the risks of the mineral, potential titanium dioxide side effects from excessive exposure (especially when inhaled) may include:

To avoid exposure to titanium dioxide, follow these recommendations:

The FDA is reviewing the safety of titanium dioxide in response to an April petition from EWG and other environmental and public health groups. This is the FDA’s first comprehensive review of titanium dioxide since 1973.