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Food containing titanium dioxide that is lawfully placed on the EU market before 7 August 2022 may remain on the market until its date of minimum durability or its ‘use-by’ date has passed. Food produced or placed on the market after 7 August 2022 cannot contain titanium dioxide. The ban on the use of titanium dioxide is effective in each EU Member State, and in Northern Ireland. Some third countries, such as the United Kingdom (excluding Northern Ireland), continue to permit the use of titanium dioxide.

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To address these challenges, researchers are exploring alternative production methods that are more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly. For example, the use of solar energy to power the oxidation of titanium ore has been proposed as a way to reduce the energy consumption of the sulfate process. Other approaches include the development of new catalysts that can replace sulfuric acid in the oxidation step, as well as the exploration of bio-based feedstocks for TiO2 production.

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