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Both 28B301 and 30B311 are white pigments with high brightness and excellent covering power. They are commonly used in coatings, plastics, rubber, and paper industries. The main difference between these two grades lies in their particle size distribution. 28B301 has a smaller particle size, resulting in higher opacity and better dispersion. On the other hand, 30B311 has a larger particle size, which makes it more suitable for applications that require good rheological properties.

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In a review published in 2022 in the journal Archives of Toxicologyresearchers found that the ingestion of E171 is a “a definite health risk for consumers and their progeny.” After reviewing dozens of in vivoex vivo and in vitro studies on the toxicity of E171, the researchers wrote that two facts must be noted: “First, reprotoxicity studies show that animals of both sexes are impacted by the toxicity of these nanoparticles, underlining the importance of conducting in vivo studies using both male and female animals. Second, human exposure begins in utero via maternal-fetal transfer and continues after birth by breastfeeding. Children are then chronically re-exposed due to their food preferences. To be relevant to the human in vivo situation, experimental studies should therefore consider nanoparticle exposure with respect to the age or life period of the studied population.”

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