lithopone paint factory

To address these challenges, researchers are exploring alternative production methods that are more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly. For example, the use of solar energy to power the oxidation of titanium ore has been proposed as a way to reduce the energy consumption of the sulfate process. Other approaches include the development of new catalysts that can replace sulfuric acid in the oxidation step, as well as the exploration of bio-based feedstocks for TiO2 production.

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In addition to the toxic effects of TiO2 NPs, discussed in previous chapters, these NPs have been also shown to promote photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism, resulting in the enhanced growth of spinach. It increases the absorption of light and accelerates the transfer and transformation of the light energy. It was also found that treatment with nano-sized TiO2 significantly increased the level of antioxidant enzymes, and decreased the ROS accumulation and malonyldialdehyde content in spinach chloroplasts under visible and UV irradiation. TiO2 NPs also increased the superoxide dismutase activity of germinating soybean, enhanced its antioxidant ability, and promoted seed germination and seedling growth.

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