Table 4: Type of selected seal

Because the inner diameter of the oil seal must be stretched during assembly, it is necessary for the shaft to possess a ramped edge. The angle at which the ramped taper should be chamfered is 30° a 50°. If a flange or keyway is present on the shaft, it is best to use a bushing. The bore should also have a chamfer of 30° over at least 1 mm on the ramped side. Be sure to round off the edges properly in the process.

Spark plug wires, also known as ignition wires or high-tension leads, are crucial components in the ignition system of internal combustion engines. These wires are responsible for transmitting the high-voltage electrical current from the ignition coil to the spark plugs, initiating the combustion process within the engine cylinders. High-quality spark plug wires are essential for ensuring efficient ignition, optimal engine performance, and reduced emissions, making them a critical component in the overall efficiency and environmental impact of the vehicle.

A standard oil seal consists of an outer circular metal disk with an inner flexible rubber which is affixed to the metal during vulcanization. The bonded seal has no loose parts to allow leakage of oil or ingress of any contaminants. This kind of seal is more accurate, and can easily be fitted into a smaller space. An example is shown in Figure 2.9.

No single physical property of rubbers is responsible for the successful performance of an oil seal or ‘O’ ring. The ultimate tensile strength, breaking elongation, modulus, shore hardness, creep and stress relaxation in tension and compression loads are all important physical properties that characterize a seal or ‘O’ ring. Compression strength and set together with stress relaxation or decay are important for effective sealing. The difference in these properties in a swollen seal is highly critical. An optimum swelling value in a fluid medium is a desirable feature. De-swelling decreases the seal pressure against the wall of the housing where the seal is fixed, leading to leakage. Over swelling minimizes the physical properties of the rubber. Seals made of polysulfide rubbers have extreme fuel resistance but undesirably high compression set. The effect of temperature on the seal is an important factor. Swelling under stress can increase at higher temperatures and a suitable compounding technique should be adopted to reduce this effect.

Material: There are several material options. Nitrile (Blank), Viton (V), Silicone (S), EPDM (E), Carboxylated Nitrile (X), HNBR (H), Polyacrylate (P), and Teflon (T).

Put the jack and wooden spacer under the sump and raise the engine just enough to free the supports.