yellow titanium dioxide factories

In addition to environmental considerations, the presence of titanium dioxide in water also has implications in water treatment and purification. TiO2's photocatalytic properties make it a promising material for water purification, especially in removing organic pollutants and heavy metals. Researchers in China are actively studying the potential of TiO2-based photocatalysts for water remediation, contributing to the global efforts in clean water solutions.

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Moreover, TiO2 can also improve the mechanical properties of plastics. It increases the stiffness and strength of the material, making it more resistant to impact and deformation. This is particularly beneficial in applications where plastics are subjected to stress or pressure, such as automotive parts and construction materials. By incorporating TiO2 into their formulations, manufacturers can create stronger and more durable plastic products without sacrificing their lightweight nature.

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Drobne et al. used the terrestrial arthropod Porcellio scaber as a test organism for determining the cytotoxic effect of TiO2 NPs (anatase). The animals were exposed to TiO2 NPs of two different sizes (25 nm and 75 nm) in the concentration range 10–1000 μg TiO2/g dry food for 3 to 14 days. No adverse effects, such as mortality, body weight changes or reduced feeding, were observed. In fact, quite the opposite, an enhanced feeding rate, food absorption efficiency and increase in catalase activity were observed. The intensity of these responses appeared to be time- but not dose-dependent. It should also be noted that the concentrations tested in this study were much higher than the predicted concentration (4.8 μg/g soil) at high emission scenario of nano-sized TiO2. Using the same test organism another group showed that exposure to TiO2 NPs induced destabilization of cell membrane in the epithelium of digestive glands isolated from exposed animals. They also showed that this effect can be observed after just 30 minutes of exposure.

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Lithopone was developed in the 1870s as a substitute for lead carbonate (lead white), to overcome its drawbacks of toxicity and poor weathering resistance. Within a few years, titanium dioxide displaced lithopone to become the white pigment (PW6) par excellence in the industry and the world’s best-selling inorganic pigment. However, titanium is a product whose price is subject to large price variations due to product availability. These price increases affect the competitiveness of finished products, and so the search for an alternative to titanium dioxide has generated a variety of possibilities to optimise its use. 

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