Titanium dioxide is predominantly used as a pigment in products such as paints, coatings, plastics, food, cosmetics, and paper. The ability of TiO2 to scatter light and provide a white color makes it an essential ingredient in achieving high-quality finishes in these applications. However, the production of titanium dioxide can be complex and costly, given that it involves raw materials such as ilmenite and rutile, as well as advanced processing technologies. Manufacturers are continuously striving to optimize costs without compromising quality, making the search for affordable suppliers a top priority for many businesses.

The most significant uncertainty identified by the EU experts was the concern that TiO₂ particles may have genotoxic effects. Genotoxicity refers to the ability of a chemical to directly damage genetic material within a cell (DNA), which may lead to cancer in certain situations. Although the experts did not conclude that TiO₂ particles in E171 are genotoxic, they could not rule out the concern that they might be.

One of the primary advantages of lithopone is its excellent thermal stability. It performs well under high-temperature conditions, which is essential for paints that will be exposed to extreme weather. Lithopone’s resistance to UV radiation helps maintain the brightness and color integrity of paints, making it a preferred choice for outdoor applications. As a result, many suppliers are focusing on providing lithopone that meets the specific needs of manufacturers in the architectural, automotive, and industrial paint sectors.