Another important consideration for manufacturers is the production process itself. The manufacturing process for titanium dioxide products can be complex and requires careful attention to detail
- Whiteness is a critical factor in the performance of pigments, and TiO2 excels in this area. Its high refractive index allows it to scatter light more effectively, resulting in a brighter and more luminous color. This makes TiO2 particularly suitable for applications where maximum whiteness is required, such as in paints, plastics, and paper.
A review published in 2022 in the journal NanoImpact evaluated the latest research related to genotoxic effects of titanium dioxide through in vivo studies and in vitro cell tests. Researchers summarized the results by stating TiO2 nanoparticles “could induce genotoxicity prior to cytotoxicity,” and “are likely to be genotoxic to humans.”
English name: Lithopone


But in 2021, EFSA reevaluated titanium dioxide to consider the impacts of its nanoparticle. After considering more studies, EFSA concluded that nanoparticle-size titanium dioxide can accumulate in the body, break DNA strands and cause chromosomal damage.
Hiding power
One of the most common worries about titanium dioxide is that it could be a cancer-causing agent. The link between cancer and titanium dioxide traces back to a 1985 study where rats were exposed to high levels of titanium dioxide for two years, causing lung cancer. However, not all experts are convinced by this study.