In a 2019 study published in the journal Nanotoxicology, researchers recreated the first phase of digestion in mice and fed them titanium dioxide, then examined whether accumulation occurred in the organs. Researchers wrote: “Significant accumulation of titanium was observed in the liver and intestine of E171-fed mice; in the latter a threefold increase in the number of TiO2 particles was also measured. Titanium accumulation in the liver was associated with necroinflammatory foci containing tissue monocytes/macrophages. Three days after the last dose, increased superoxide production and inflammation were observed in the stomach and intestine. Overall, [this] indicates that the risk for human health associated with dietary exposure to E171 needs to be carefully considered.”

EU ban on titanium dioxide

Certificate of Analysis (Lithopone B301, Lithopone B311 powder TDS)

In conclusion, while the search for cheap titanium dioxide manufacturers can lead to cost savings, it is crucial to prioritize quality, compliance, and sustainability. By conducting thorough research and carefully evaluating potential suppliers, businesses can not only find affordable solutions but also forge partnerships that support long-term growth and success in the competitive landscape of titanium dioxide production. Ultimately, balancing cost and quality will ensure that businesses can meet the demands of their customers while maintaining the standards necessary for their own success.

The RGB LED panel was made ad hoc, and configured for solar simulation white light (including the absorption spectra of the nanoparticles: 390–410). No heat was detected at the working distance. The retina of the albino male Wistar rats were not affected under these conditions, because the intensity and time of the applied irradiation was lower than the regular fluorescent lamp bulb in the room (216.65 W/m2) [34].

Anyway, it doesn't matter if it reflects or absorbs, Titanium Dioxide is a pretty awesome sunscreen agent for two main reasons: it gives a nice broad spectrum coverage and it's highly stable. Its protection is very good between 290 - 350 nm (UVB and UVA II range), and less good at 350-400 nm (UVA I) range. Regular sized Titanium Dioxide also has a great safety profile, it's non-irritating and is pretty much free from any health concerns (like estrogenic effect worries with some chemical filters).

Titanium dioxide is considered safe for use in cosmetics products by expert bodies around the world, including Europe's Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS) and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Nano grade titanium dioxide has been assessed by the SCCS and is approved by the European Commission for use as a UV filter.