titanium iv oxide

Both P25TiO2NPs (with or without vitamin B2) were not found beyond the epidermis in 99% of the analyzed TEM images (Fig. 8). This is coherent with previous findings showing that nanoparticles greater than 50 nm can not penetrate the skin, even in vivo models with movement, stretching, and friction [54]. However, in one of the zones, a few nanoparticles were observed inside a hair follicle. This could be due to the follicle exposure after the localized rupture of this physical barrier when rats were shaved in order to clean the area for cream topical administration. This finding suggests that nanoparticle-based sunscreen should not be applied on recently shaved or harmed skin, in order to avoid nanoparticle skin penetration.

...
...

In 2021, the European Food Safety Authority concluded that titanium dioxide is no longer safe in foods due to the same concerns over nanoparticles. As a result, titanium dioxide is now banned as a food additive in the EU. Although studies have shown that the absorption of ingested titanium dioxide is low, evidence suggests that titanium dioxide nanoparticles can accumulate in the body over time. Health Canada deemed it safe in 2022 but noted concerns. Unlike their European counterparts, Canadian officials did not consider studies performed with titanium dioxide nanoparticles alone. 

...

Furthermore, anatase titanium dioxide is known for its high chemical stability and durability, making it resistant to weathering, fading, and degradation over time. This ensures that painted surfaces retain their color and appearance for an extended period, even when exposed to harsh environmental conditions. As a result, paints containing anatase titanium dioxide are often used for outdoor applications, such as building facades, bridges, and automotive coatings As a result, paints containing anatase titanium dioxide are often used for outdoor applications, such as building facades, bridges, and automotive coatings As a result, paints containing anatase titanium dioxide are often used for outdoor applications, such as building facades, bridges, and automotive coatings As a result, paints containing anatase titanium dioxide are often used for outdoor applications, such as building facades, bridges, and automotive coatingsanatase titanium dioxide for paints.

...