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In a 2019 study published in the journal Nanotoxicology, researchers recreated the first phase of digestion in mice and fed them titanium dioxide, then examined whether accumulation occurred in the organs. Researchers wrote: “Significant accumulation of titanium was observed in the liver and intestine of E171-fed mice; in the latter a threefold increase in the number of TiO2 particles was also measured. Titanium accumulation in the liver was associated with necroinflammatory foci containing tissue monocytes/macrophages. Three days after the last dose, increased superoxide production and inflammation were observed in the stomach and intestine. Overall, [this] indicates that the risk for human health associated with dietary exposure to E171 needs to be carefully considered.”

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China has emerged as a pivotal player in the global titanium dioxide industry, with its importers playing a crucial role in shaping the dynamics of this sector. Titanium dioxide, also known as TiO2, is a white pigment widely used in various applications such as paints, plastics, paper, and cosmetics. The country's growing demand for this versatile compound has led to an increase in import activities, making Chinese importers a vital link between domestic consumers and international producers.

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