This article discusses the discovery of phosphorescent lithopone on watercolor drawings by American artist John La Farge dated between 1890 and 1905 and the history of lithopone in the pigment industry in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Despite having many desirable qualities for use in white watercolor or oil paints, the development of lithopone as an artists' pigment was hampered by its tendency to darken in sunlight. Its availability to, and adoption by, artists remain unclear, as colormen's trade catalogs were generally not explicit in describing white pigments as containing lithopone. Further, lithopone may be mistaken for lead white during visual examination and its short-lived phosphorescence can be easily missed by the uninformed observer. Phosphorescent lithopone has been documented on only one other work-to-date: a watercolor by Van Gogh. In addition to the history of lithopone's manufacture, the article details the mechanism for its phosphorescence and its identification aided by Raman spectroscopy and spectrofluorimetry.
It turns into light gray after being exposed to ultraviolet rays in sunlight for 6 to 7 hours, but it will return to its original color when placed in a dark place. It is easy to oxidize in the air and then agglomerate and deteriorate when exposed to moisture.
Lithopone 30% CAS No. 1345-05-7
Résumé–Cet article traite de la découverte de lithopone phosphorescent sur des dessins à l'aquarelle, datés entre 1890 et 1905, de l'artiste Américain John La Farge et de l'histoire du lithopone dans l'industrie des pigments à la fin du 19e et au début du 20e siècle. Malgré de nombreuses qualités souhaitables pour une utilisation en tant que blanc dans les aquarelles et les peintures à l'huile, le développement du lithopone comme pigment pour artistes a été compliqué de par sa tendance à noircir lorsqu'il est exposé au soleil. Sa disponibilité et son usage par les artistes demeurent incertains parce que les catalogues des marchands de couleurs n'étaient généralement pas explicites à indiquer si les pigments blancs contenaient du lithopone. De plus, lors d'un examen visuel, le lithopone peut être confondu avec le blanc de plomb et sa phosphorescence de courte durée peut facilement être ignorée par l'observateur non averti. À ce jour, le lithopone phosphorescent a seulement été documenté sur une autre œuvre: une aquarelle de Van Gogh. En plus de l'histoire de la fabrication du lithopone, cet article décrit le mécanisme de sa phosphorescence et son identification à l'aide de la spectroscopie Raman et de la spectrofluorimétrie.
It is a white crystalline powder, which is a mixture of zinc sulfide and barium sulfate. The more zinc sulfide it contains, the stronger the hiding power and the higher the quality. The density of lithopone is 4.136~4.34/cm3 and it is insoluble in water. It easily decomposes when exposed to acid to produce hydrogen sulfide gas, but does not work when exposed to hydrogen sulfide and alkaline solutions.
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3. Wear Plates
- Reach out to the pump manufacturer’s technical support team for assistance in confirming your selection.
Conclusion
- If needed, consult with industry experts or engineers to validate your selection and ensure optimal performance.
2. Pump Casing
In agriculture, propeller pumps are commonly employed for irrigation purposes. With the ever-increasing need for food production and sustainable practices, farmers often rely on these pumps to distribute water from reservoirs or rivers to their fields. The efficiency and reliability of propeller pumps allow for optimal irrigation strategies, which are vital in maintaining crop health and maximizing yield. Moreover, they can operate in varying conditions, making them suitable for diverse agricultural environments.
Vertical slurry pumps are essential in various industries where deep pits, sumps, and high liquid levels present unique challenges. The vertical design offers several advantages, including a compact footprint, ease of installation, and simplified maintenance. This article explores how vertical multistage centrifugal pumps and vertical inline centrifugal pumps can be optimized to perform effectively in demanding deep pit environments, focusing on structural engineering solutions.
When designing pumps for deep pit applications, structural engineering plays a crucial role in ensuring reliability and efficiency. The vertical orientation of these pumps must be supported by a sturdy framework that can handle the stresses associated with deep pit operations. This includes ensuring that the pump’s foundation is secure and that the piping system is properly aligned to prevent vibrations and other operational issues. Additionally, the materials used in constructing vertical multistage centrifugal pumps must be carefully selected to resist corrosion and wear. By considering these structural engineering factors, designers can optimize the performance and durability of vertical slurry pumps in deep pit applications.
Maintenance of sewage pump impellers is also vital for ensuring their longevity and functionality. Regular inspection can help identify wear or damage, and timely replacement of worn-out impellers can prevent pump failures and costly repairs. Moreover, keeping the impeller clean from debris buildup ensures optimal performance.
Function: The impeller is responsible for moving the slurry through the pump by converting mechanical energy into kinetic energy.
Wear Factors: Seals can degrade over time due to contact with abrasive slurry and need regular replacement.
Reducing operational costs is a top priority in mining and quarrying, where the cost of equipment maintenance and energy consumption can significantly impact profitability. The efficient operation of horizontal slurry pumps plays a key role in achieving cost savings. By selecting the right centrifugal pump for slurry and maintaining it with AH slurry pump parts, operators can optimize energy use, reduce wear on pump components, and minimize the need for costly repairs. The long-term benefits of efficient slurry pump operation include lower energy bills, reduced maintenance costs, and improved overall efficiency in mining and quarry processes.
The impeller is a rotating component within the pump that transfers energy from the motor to the slurry. It plays a significant role in creating the flow and pressure necessary to move the slurry through the system. Impellers for slurry pumps are typically heavier and more robust than those used in standard pumps to withstand the harsh conditions encountered in abrasive applications. Their design can vary, with options for different shapes and sizes to accommodate specific types of slurries.
b. Industry Consultants:
- Ensure the pump has adequate NPSH available to avoid cavitation.
Function: Shaft sleeves protect the pump shaft from the slurry and the mechanical seals.
- Most slurry pump manufacturers provide selection charts that correlate slurry characteristics and operating conditions with suitable pump models.
Function: The backplate provides structural support and helps in mounting the pump.
Understanding Slurry Pump Wet End Parts A Comprehensive Overview
- Mechanical Seals: Provide a tight seal and reduce leakage.
In various industrial sectors, the efficient handling and transportation of slurry— a mixture of solids and liquids— is critical. Whether in mining, construction, or wastewater treatment, the need for reliable machinery to manage these challenging substances has led to the increased utilization of slurry pumps. Among these, wholesale slurry pumps have emerged as a vital resource, offering a practical solution for businesses looking to optimize their operations.
7. Expeller and Expeller Rings
Evaluating the performance and efficiency of horizontal centrifugal slurry pumps involves a comprehensive approach to testing key metrics such as flow rate, head, and efficiency. These tests are essential for ensuring that the centrifugal slurry pump operates according to expected standards and can handle the demands of slurry transport using centrifugal pumps. Regular monitoring and maintenance of AH Slurry Pump parts further contribute to sustaining the pump’s performance, reducing operational costs, and extending the pump’s service life. By focusing on these critical areas, manufacturers and operators can optimize the performance and reliability of horizontal centrifugal slurry pumps, ensuring their continued success in industrial applications.
Conclusion
- Mechanical Seals: Provide a tight seal and reduce leakage.
SPR slurry pumps are specifically designed for handling slurry in applications where high liquid levels are a concern. These pumps are engineered to operate efficiently in environments where the pump must remain submerged for extended periods. The vertical design of SPR slurry pumps allows them to function effectively in deep pits and sumps, where other pump types might struggle. By optimizing the design to handle high liquid levels, SPR slurry pumps provide reliable performance in challenging conditions, ensuring that slurry is effectively managed and transported, even in the most demanding deep pit applications.
Conclusion