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In conclusion, rutile titanium dioxide is a multifaceted material with a plethora of uses spanning from the cosmetic to the technological sector. Its unique combination of physical characteristics makes it an indispensable component in numerous industrial processes and consumer products. As research continues, new applications for this versatile mineral are likely to emerge, further cementing its status as a cornerstone material in modern industry.

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In recent years, instrumental techniques have gained prominence for their speed and precision. Ion chromatography, for instance, separates and quantifies ions based on their affinity to a resin within a chromatographic column. The sulfate ions are eluted and detected, typically by conductivity or UV detection after reaction with a reagent that enhances their detectability. The area under the peak in the chromatograph is proportional to the concentration of sulfate, which can then be translated to TiO2 content through appropriate calculations.

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