Animal studies have shown that, when consumed as a food additive, titanium dioxide can induce intestinal inflammation.

3. Safety measures The MSDS should provide recommendations for safe handling, storage, and disposal of lithopone. This may include guidelines for personal protective equipment, proper ventilation, and spill response procedures.

Overall, buff percentage is a critical factor that manufacturers of titanium dioxide must carefully manage to ensure the quality, consistency, and cost-effectiveness of their products. By investing in advanced technology and processes to control buff percentage, manufacturers can meet the specific requirements of their customers and maintain a competitive edge in the market. As the demand for titanium dioxide continues to grow across various industries, manufacturers must continue to innovate and improve their processes to meet the evolving needs of their customers.

In order to contribute with experimental evidence that could help to achieve a better understanding of the field for future regulation, in the present work, the biocompatibility of commercial P25TiO₂NPs (one type of TiO₂NPs used in sunscreen formulations) and two novel functionalized P25TiO₂NPs were evaluated under solar simulated irradiation. White light, generated by red, blue, and yellow LEDs, together with UV ones, was chosen to simulate the solar spectra. Functionalization of TiO₂NPs was made with antioxidant vitamins in order to prevent the expected photo-initiated ROS production when nanoparticles are exposed to the simulated solar spectra. Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) and vitamin C were chosen to carry out the functionalization because they are water-soluble, low-cost, and are a constitutive part of biological processes. In addition, it is known that both have the potential to prevent macromolecular oxidation by ROS [23], [24], [25], [26].