The cytotoxic effect was tested through the colorimetric assay employing 3′-[1-[(phenylamino) -carbonyl]−3,4-tetrazolium]-bis(4‑methoxy-6-nitro) benzene-sulfonic acid hydrate (XTT) by reading the absorbance at 490 nm after 3 h of incubation post treatment [28]. The absorbance is proportional to the metabolic rate of viable (live) cells.
...
2025-08-14 17:22
2173
. Larger diameter pipes generally cost more but can handle higher flow rates, while longer lengths will naturally incur a higher cost. Insulated pipes, although more expensive upfront, can save on energy costs in the long run by reducing heat loss.